Today is the era of science and technology. Humans have been using science and technology since ancient times. Science and technology are considered the backbone of the country's development and prosperity. Without its development, the progress of any nation cannot be accelerated. Science helps in the development of technology while standard technology makes science education standard. It is said that if science is a tree, technology is the fruit of its development, so only if science is developed in the country, then necessary techniques can be developed to suit soil within the country. The development of science and technology has changed the lives of people around the world. The United States has become the most powerful nation in the world because of the development of science and technology.

Science

Technology

Illustrations of science and technology in Nepal

Conclusion

Here's how:

Symposium of Astro Physics Journal Letter:

'Albert Einstein was right'

What is a black hole?

'Sun cannot become black hole':

Pluto reintroduced as a planet

Not surprisingly, bacteria are not only carriers of disease, but they are also good friends of humans!


As soon as the bacteria are exposed, we start to think about the terrible diseases. Because of the many dangerous diseases and problems, such as typhus, cholera, leprosy, plague, TB, diphtheria, pneumonia, etc. So it is only natural to scare the bacteria by name. Bacteria are found everywhere
Bacteria can be found in every corner of the earth, in the soil, sea, and even in the frigid snow of Antarctica. Most of them live on plants, in animal bodies. Only a person's body contains more than 3 times the amount of bacteria in his body. Most of them live in the digestive system.

Some bacteria are found in soil or in dead vegetation. These bacteria play an important role in the nutrient regeneration the soil needs.

Some cause food spoilage and damage the farm. But again, foods made from yogurt or alcoholic liquids are a non-essential element of bacteria.
Only a relatively small number of bacteria cause various diseases.

The reproductive process of bacteria
Bacteria reproduce through the 'binary fission' process. In this process, the bacteria that have only one cell are split into two exactly the same child cells. The 'binary fission' begins when the DNA of the bacteria starts to split into two.

The bacterial cell is then elongated and split into two. While both will have the exact type of DNA in the baby's cell, they are the 'clones' of the parent cell.

With the proper temperature and nutrients, bacteria like Escherichia coli can split within 5 minutes. This means that within 1 hour, the bacteria can grow from one to 5, 19, 5.
An hour later, the number of such bacteria reaches 1,4,5,3. So when infectious bacteria invade our bodies, we get sick soon.

The process of living
Some bacteria can form 'indospores'. 'Indospores' are an inactive form of bacteria that have a strong resistance to adverse physical and chemical conditions such as heterogeneous heat, ultra-violet radiation, and germicidal chemicals.

Because of this, it is very difficult to destroy bacteria. Bacteria that produce 'indospore' are endangered. An example of this is the Bacillus anthrax, which is anthrax.
Not all bacteria are bad

    But not all bacteria are bad for humans. So far, there have been around 300 to 2,000 species of bacteria detected in the world. Most of them are infectious, meaning only about 3 bacteria infect us. Such bacteria are called pathogenic bacteria. Other bacteria are harmless to humans. On the contrary, most bacteria are somehow extremely useful to people and nature.

  Bacteria occur in the air, water, and ground everywhere. Even so, it is found in the deepest depths of the oceans. But it cannot be seen with our bare eyes. It's very subtle. Bacteria in size range from 1 to 5 micrometers (equal to twenty-five thousand parts of an inch).

   This picture is of a bacterium known as Disease. The bacterium is named Neisseria meningitides. It causes meningitis and other diseases caused by bacteria. Bacteria act to decay and kill dead organisms and plants.


   Imagine for a moment, what would the world be like if there were no bacteria? The world would be covered with dead creatures and plants!

   Bacteria are eaten by animals and plants. In this way, the bacteria give their complex substances in common. And, the same thing can be found in soil, water, or air, as a living organism or plant can receive it.

We have dinner. Other creatures also eat food. Bacteria also digest the food they eat. There is a lot of bacteria in people's gut. Bacteria in the gut begin to break down and break down food that is broken into the gastric system. At the same time, bacteria produce certain types of vitamins, nutrients, which our bodies absorb.

One type of bacteria in the soil stops nitrogen and makes it nutritious for food. We get food from certain plants. Apart from this, the use of bacteria in yogurt, pickles, cheeses, vinegar making, certain colors, plastic, cosmetics, tobacco, some medicines and some types of yarn, soap is also used.

To sum it all up, people know little about the usefulness of bacteria. In the future, people will certainly find ways to utilize the bacteria in many ways, which is a very useful and humane way.

Most astronomers claim that the universe formed during an event called the Big Bang. A massive explosion that took place about 1.5 billion years ago. Space, time, matter and energy were all created in the universe during the Big Bangkram.

This massive explosion has thrown matter in all directions. It has also inspired itself to expand the space. As the universe cools down after the explosion, galaxies, stars, and planets are formed by the material in it. There are objects of all kinds and shapes in this universe. Which can be found in everything from the smallest atom to the largest galaxy.

Expansion of the universe
In 1959, Westo Slyfer discovered the concept of cosmic expansion. The evolution of light in distant galaxies was interpreted as Earth's galaxies. In 1959, the Einstein field equation was used by Alexander Friedman to provide theoretical evidence. In which the universe is expanding. In 1959, Georges Lemaitre independently reached the same conclusion as Friedman on a theoretical basis. First observational evidence is presented for a linear relationship between galaxies and their recurrence velocities.

In 1959, American astronomer Edwin Hubble discovered that there was a direct correlation between the speed of galaxies distant from Earth and their distances. It is now known as the Hubble Law. The Hubble Space Telescope was named after him and the single number that describes the rate of cosmic expansion. The apparent and slow velocity of outer galaxies is called the Hubble Constant relative to their distance.

The galaxies are going away
Astronomer Edwin Hubble has provided convincing evidence. That the universe was expanding. Observing the distant galaxies, he saw that it was the outer part. Until recently, cosmology (the science of cosmology) believed that the rate of expansion of the universe was slowing down due to the influence of gravity. According to current research, the universe could expand forever. However, research on this topic is ongoing. A new study of supernovae in distant galaxies and a force called dark energy could modify the potential fate of the universe.

What is the reason for the expansion of the universe?
Since the discovery of the universe's expansion by the measurement of the velocity of the galaxy by American astronomer Edwin Hubble in the 1930s, astronomers have been searching for how this expansion has changed over time. At that time most scientists had considered two possibilities.

1) The rate of expansion is slow and it is either interrupted. The Universe then starts contracting.

2) It will continue to expand forever.

In 1979, two separate teams of astronomers studied a distant supernova (the one led by US Saul Perlmutter and the other by Nick Sanchez and Brian Schmidt of Australia) and revealed many surprising facts about the expansion of the universe.

Her study helps take one step forward in exploring cosmic expansion and also challenges the current model of the universe. This new result contributes significantly to the development of the cosmic "cosmic constants" proposed by Albert Einstein. The existence of a non-zero cosmic constancy means that a counter-force, counter-acting gravity, currently dominates the universal expansion and consequently moves closer to an infinite expanding universe. The new research was titled "Breakthrough of the Year" by the well-known American science journal Science in the December 1, 1979 issue.

The "Original Criteria" of the Universe
All three cosmological models are governed by the three basic parameters of general relativity. That's it
1. The current expansion rate described by Hubble's constant, namely the proportionality factor between the expansion velocity and the distance
2. The average substance density in the universe and
2. The amount of "other energy" in space.

From the measurement value of these basic parameters, the geometry of the age and space of the universe can be obtained.

The lead role of Supernova
Both research teams, with participation by ESO, focused on studying rare stellar explosions. In this process, the explosive nuclear fusion, the most stable nuclear nucleus, burns substances in iron and releases a huge amount of energy.

These explosions, known as supernovae, are distinguished by their very similar qualities, including their inner glow. This makes them ideal for long-distance measurements. For example, all critical distances can be determined with great accuracy through the observation of such remote objects. Specifically, observational missions coordinated with Type I supernovae were carried out in many major laboratories around the world.